Horizon · our Election Day forecast: polls, plus fundamentals like incumbency, fundraising and past results.

Pulse · polls only: where the races stand today, with no fundamentals and wider uncertainty.

What's the difference?

Pennsylvania › Pennsylvania House of Representatives · State legislature · November 3, 2026 · Updated Oct 16, 2026

Pennsylvania House District 28

Shaffer is favored to win: Shaffer wins in 3 of every 4 simulations.

Ferderber (D)
24%
chance of winning
Shaffer (R)
76%
Average margin
R+5.8
80% of outcomes
R+17 to D+5
Partisan lean
R+8
Polls
No pollsmodel only

Flip risk: Republican-held seat, a toss-up (42% chance it changes parties).

A toss-up: each side wins about half the simulations.

Ferderber (D)
42%
chance of winning
Shaffer (R)
58%
Average margin
R+2.0
80% of outcomes
R+15 to D+11
Partisan lean
R+8
Polls
No pollsmodel only

Range of outcomes

Final margin across our simulations; the white dashes mark the middle 80%.

R+5.8R+30R+20R+10EvenD+10D+20D+30
R+2.0R+30R+20R+10EvenD+10D+20D+30

How the odds have moved

Chance of winning by forecast date.

0%25%50%75%100%AugSepOctNovNov 3Ferderber 24%Shaffer 76%

Updated nightly. Each day is the current model run on the polls that had ended by then (how).

0%25%50%75%100%AugSepOctNovNov 3Ferderber 42%Shaffer 58%

Updated nightly. Each day is the current model run on the polls that had ended by then (how).

The candidates

What goes into the forecast

Every ingredient's estimate of the final margin.

National environment
D+9.5Election Day forecast
Pennsylvania state offices
+0.8Polls for governor, statewide and legislative races · details
Environment here
D+10.3Used by the fundamentals
Swing reaching this office
58%Of a shift in the environment, from past legislative races since 2016
Mid-Atlantic adjustment
−0.8How legislative races in the region have run against lean and environment lately
← RepublicanDemocratic →Lean + environmentUsual vote, shifted by 58% of the environment andthe Mid-Atlantic adjustmentD+0.3Fundamentals modelAdds incumbency, past results, money andexperienceR+5.5Polls in similar placesPolling of similar races in Pennsylvania andlook-alike placesR+5.9Polling averageNo polls of this racenot availableHorizon forecastPolls + fundamentals, projected to Election DayR+5.8Pulse forecastPolls (and polling of similar places) only, todayR+1.9

Each estimate is a margin before national and statewide uncertainty is simulated. Horizon blends polls, fundamentals and a little of the similar-places estimate, weighting each by how precise it is; Pulse uses polls and similar places only.

Fundamentals inputs
Incumbency (+1 D, −1 R)-1
Fundraising edge (log ratio of individual money)-2.97
Elected-experience edge-0.67
First-term incumbent0
Seat's last result vs. expectation-3.77
Incumbent's last result vs. expectation-3.77

Polls

No public polls of this race. The forecast relies on fundamentals and on polling of similar places in the state.

The district

Lean R+8: how much more Democratic or Republican than the nation it votes for president.

Presidential vote

← RepublicanDemocratic →2016 presidentR+18.0R+20.2 vs. nation2020 presidentR+8.1R+12.7 vs. nation2024 presidentR+7.5R+6.0 vs. nation

Precinct results re-aggregated to the current district lines.

Who lives here

Population
68,901
People per km²
302
Adults with a B.A.+
62%
White, no degree
36%of adults
  • White 88%
  • Hispanic 2%
  • Black 1%
  • Asian 6%
  • Other / multiracial 4%

American Community Survey 2020–2024, aggregated from census tracts.

Past results

Results in the same-numbered district; earlier elections may have used different lines.

2024

40,742 votes · R+14.0
✓ Jeremy K Shaffer (R)57.0%
William A Petulla (D)43.0%

2024 President Vote in this district

40,870 two-party votes · R+7.5 · R+6.0 vs. the nation
✓ Donald Trump (R)53.8%
Kamala Harris (D)46.2%

2022

32,808 votes · R+12.0
✓ Robert W Mercuri (R)56.0%
Alison Duncan (D)44.0%

2020 Earlier district lines

44,247 votes · R+7.4
✓ Robert W Mercuri (R)53.7%
Emily Skopov (D)46.3%

2020 President Vote in this district

43,221 two-party votes · R+8.1 · R+12.7 vs. the nation
✓ Donald Trump (R)54.1%
Joe Biden (D)45.9%

2016 President Vote in this district

35,963 two-party votes · R+18.0 · R+20.2 vs. the nation
✓ Donald Trump (R)59.0%
Hillary Clinton (D)41.0%